WestEustonPurplePoets
West Euston Time Bank
Writer-in-Residence
Kim Morrissey
The Purple Poets hold their workshops
at The Crypt every Thursday 1 - 3.
PURPLE POETS' COMMEMORATION
projected day: March 9th 2011
SAINT LEONARD WINDOW by M.E.A. ROPE
................................................................................................................
Kim Morrissey
"Art and The Crypt"
The Stained Glass Panels in the Crypt
St. Mary Magdalene Church
Munster Square
- a short historical talk
by Kim Morrissey
to celebrate National Poetry Day 2006
at the Purple Poets' Writers' Reader's Party
The Crypt, October 5, 2006
What does Saint Leonard have to do with a
1930's Number 6 red double-decker bus
1, the Suffolk Arms Public House
2 in Boston Street (off Hackney
Road) and a small sturdy boy with baggy socks playing cricket with his friend
and a little white dog?
They are all in the lovely 'Saint Leonard' stained glass window panel
designed in 1933 by the wonderful Arts and Crafts glass designer Margaret
Edith Aldrich Rope. 3 Amongst friends,
M.E.A. Rope was known as 'Tor' (a family nickname, short for 'tortoise')
and used the symbol of the tortoise to sign some of her works.
Saint Leonard is on permanent display in the Third Age Project,
West Euston Time Bank and Purple Poets' meeting place, The Crypt, Saint Mary
Magdalene Church, Munster Square. 4
The Crypt has 6 of the 8 Saints in M.E.A. Rope's 'Haggerston' series of Saints
(1931 - 1947) :
St Augustine (1931) 5
St Anne (1932) 6
St Leonard(1933) 7
St George (1934) 8
St Joseph 9
St Michael (?1947) 10
(The missing two saints from the series, St. Margaret
11 and St. Paul,
12 are now at St Savior Priory,
Haggerston). 13
As well as the six saints, The Crypt has two stained glass panels by Rope,
not in the series:
Crowning of the Blessed Virgin Mary
14
Mary, Mother of Christ 15
Tor's series of 'East End Every Day Life' Saints were created for Saint
Augustine's Church, Haggerston,York Street (now Yorkton Street), Hackney.
16
Encouraged by Father Herbert Arthur
Wilson, 17 Tor designed other topical
windows for Saint Augustine Church, including people worshipping in a bomb
shelter (circa 1942). 18 Father
Wilson was famous for writing the 'Haggerston Catechism' for children.
THE TWO MARGARETS
Margaret Edith Rope was a remarkable artist born into a remarkable artistic
family.
She studied at the Chelsea School of Art under Karl Parsons and Alfred J.
Drury. When she became an artist, she added her mother's maiden name 'Aldrich'
for the third initial, and signed her works M.E.A. Rope or M.E. Aldrich Rope,
to distinguish herself from her older first cousin, Margaret Agnes Rope (Marga)
(1882-1953), who was also a glass designer.
THE GLASS HOUSE
During 1911 Tor started worked at The Glass House in Fulham, assisting her
cousin Marga and sharing a studio space with her,and sharing
commissions.
During the first World War, Tor was involved in the Women's Land Army. After
World War I she returned to The Glass House and continued working with her
cousin Marga as well as on independent commissions. When Marga left London
in 1923, Tor retained the studio at The Glass House, working from there and
from the mid 1920s at her flat at 61 Deodar Road, Putney (later at 81a Deodar
Road).
After World War II she returned to her own studio at 89 Deodar Road, assisted
by her pupil Clare Dawson. 19 She continued
her series of Saints for Saint Augustine's Church and carried on working
as an artist into the 1970's. M.E.A Rope died March 9th, 1988 (her assitant,
Clare Dawson was born the same year, 1891, and also died in 1988).
Neither Margaret Edith nor Margaret Agnes married; both were baptised Anglicans
but died Catholics (Marga became a Carmelite Nun in 1928 - a very colourful
one, as she also loved riding motor-bikes).
A FAMILY OF ARTISTS
Although the Rope family came from a family of farmers, Tor and her cousin
Marga weren't the only artists in the family.
Tor's aunt, Ellen Mary Rope ('Nell') was one of the most talented sculptors
of her day. Amongst many commissions, Nell's four sculptored panels Faith,
Hope, Charity and Heavenly Wisdom, were exhibited at the 1893
World Columbian Exhibition in Chicago. The panels were later placed in the
Ladies Dwelling Communal Dining Room, Chenies Street Chambers, through Octavia
Hill's intervention (thwarting G.F. Watts, who wanted to display them in
the Southwark Gallery). Two of the four panels are still on the walls of
the former dining hall in the basement of Chenies Street Chambers, now a
private flat.
Tor's sister Dorothy Anne Aldrich Rope, (1883 -1970) was a sculptor, and
shared a studio for some years with their aunt, Ellen Mary Rope (1855-1934).
Tor's uncle George Thomas Rope (1846-1929) was a landscape painter and Royal
Academician.
EVERY DAY MIRACLES
All of the Saints panels designed by M.E.A. Rope are on permanent display
and a part of everyday life here at the Crypt, looking down on our members
as they use the outer room. Although Saint Leonard is the panel which
most people notice (because of the double-decker bus, the cricket bat and
the pub) the lovely panel of Saint George is a continual inspiration
for our Purple Poets and used in our celebrations every year on Saint George's
Day (April 23rd).
The Suffolk Arms is now gone, the route 6 bus has been privatised
and its name changed to route 26, and Boston Street is now part of the grounds
of the Hackney City Farm. Even the church that commissioned the panel is
no longer a church, but the Art, remains. The Purple Poets find continual
pleasure in M.E.A. Rope's extraordinary celebration of ordinary people.
The Crypt is open weekdays, during Third Age Project and West EustonTime
Bank activities, and M.E.A. Rope's panels can be viewed in those hours.
|
TALK NATIONAL POETRY DAY 2006.
ADDENDUM AND NOTES 2009 AND ON-GOING
ADDENDUM International Womens' Day 2009:
Rope's nephew, Arthur Rope, has reproduced and transcribed a personal
letter to the Rope family from M.E.A. Rope, discussing the media interest
in her modern Saint Leonard panel, and included a newspaper clipping and
phtograph of Rope with her stained glass windows, with her response to the
Media interest: 'I was soon rung up again. Is that Putney 3941? Can I
speak to Miss Rope etc... It is the Press Association speaking. I have just
been down to St Augustine's Haggerston in connection with that remarkable
series etc. etc. Now can you tell me if it is usual to put a public house
or a bus etc. in a stained glass window: isn't it rather unusual? I told
him I knew another window, not mine, in which there was a bus. (Marga put
one in once).'
http://www.arthur.rope.clara.net/oldsurprise3.htm
NOTES
1A Short History of the Number
6 Bus
The bus represents a pun which the congregation of Saint Augustine, Haggerston
would have all shared, as the Number 6 bus is shown in front of Saint
Leonard's Church, Shoreditch High Street, in the 'Saint Leonard' stained
glass panel (1933).
After 1992, the Number 6 bus has changed to run from Waterloo to Willesden
(northwest). Before 1992, Route Number 6 buses used to run through
to Hackney Wick from Aldwich (via what is now route 26), which is why the
Number 6 bus is shown in front of Saint Leonard's Church, Shoreditch High
Street.
QUOTE: The route was changed in July 1992 to remove the sharing of the
route between Willesden and Ash Grove garages, which were in different divisions
of London Buses, in the run-up to privatisation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Buses_route_26#Route_departing_Hackney_Wick
Bus Route 26 [circa 2009]
[follows original Route 6 from Aldwych to Hackney Wick]
Route departing Hackney Wick
Hackney Wick Eastway
Wick Road
Kenton Road
Valentine Road
Well Street
Mare Street
Cambridge Heath Station
Hackney Road
Shoreditch High Street
(Saint Leonard's Church)
Norton Folgate
Bishopsgate
Liverpool Street station
Bishopsgate
Threadneedle Street
Bank Station
Queen Victoria Street
Mansion House Station
Queen Victoria Street
Friday Street
Cannon Street
St Paul's Churchyard
[City Thameslink Station]
Ludgate Hill
Ludgate Circus
Fleet Street
Strand
Aldwych
|
Route departing Aldwych
Aldwych
Strand
Fleet Street
Ludgate Circus
[City Thameslink Station]
Ludgate Hill
St Paul's Churchyard
Cannon Street
Mansion House Station
Queen Victoria Street
Bank Station
Threadneedle Street
Bishopsgate
Liverpool Street station
Bishopsgate
Norton Folgate
Shoreditch High Street
(Saint Leonard's Church)
Hackney Road
Cambridge Heath Station
Mare Street
Well Street
Cassland Road
Wick Road
Hackney Wick Eastway
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Buses_route_26#Route_departing_Hackney_Wick
2 The Suffolk Arms Public House in
the M.E.A. Rope stained glass window 'Saint Leonard' (1933) was a real pub;
one of the neighbourhood pubs close to Saint Augustine church.
The Suffolk Arms, 76 Boston Street, St. Augustine, Shoreditch.
PUBLICANS OF THE SUFFOLK ARMS:
http://deadpubs.co.uk/LondonPubs/Shoreditch/SuffolkArms.shtml
OTHER PUBS IN THE AREA:
http://historyofstratford.co.uk/LondonPubIndex/HistoryofPubsinLondon23.shtml
ADDENDUM 2009: FOR AN ACCOUNT OF M.E.A. ROPE'S LOVE OF PUBS:
http://www.arthur.rope.clara.net/oldsurprise3.htm
SUFFOLK ARMS 76 Boston Street
Year/Publican or other Resident/Relationship to Head and or Occupation/Age/Where
Born/Source.
1839/Thos Reed/../../../Pigots Directory ****
1841/Thos Reed/../../../Post Office Directory ****
1848/Andrew Motion/../../../Post Office Directory ****
1851/Andrew Motion/../../../Kellys Directory ****
1856/Thos Penny/../../../Post Office Directory ****
1869/J Howell/../../../Post Office Directory ****
1881/Joseph Howell/Licensed Victualler/41/Stafford/Census ****
1881/Mary Ann Howell/Wife/42/Bishopsgate, Middlesex/Census
1881/Samuel Howell/Son/18/Bishopsgate, Middlesex/Census
1881/Lillian Howell/Daughter/16/Holborn Fetter Lane/Census
1881/Joseph Howell/Son, Temporary Clerk Civil Service/15/Shoreditch,
Middlesex/Census
1881/Henry John Howell/Son/13/v/Census
1881/Nellie Mary Howell/Daughter/8/Shoreditch, Middlesex/Census
1881/Elsie Amy Howell/Daughter/4/Shoreditch, Middlesex/Census
1881/Harriett Fletcher/Domestic Servant/24/Stafford/Census
1882/Joseph Howell/../../../Post Office Directory ****
1884/Joseph Howell/../../../Post Office Directory ****
1891/Samuel Howell & Mrs Lilian Scarnell/../../../Post Office Directory
****
1895/Thomas Wilson/../../../Post Office Directory ****
1899/Thomas Wilson/../../../Post Office Directory ****
1910/John Horman/../../../Post Office Directory ****
1915/Francis East/../../../Post Office Directory ****
1921/Frances East London Street Directory in 1921
1938/Jn Victor Gulliver/../../../Post Office Directory ****
1944/Wm T Quinn/../../../Post Office Directory ****
London Street Directory in 1921 -Boston Street
39 Crabb Mrs Emma Eliza, beer retailer
71 Lane Joseph Wm, chandlers shop
76 Suffolk Arms, Frances East
94 Powley Mrs Emma, chandlers shop
103 & 105 Holsworth Robert, sack & bag maker
from the wonderful site:
http://deadpubs.co.uk/LondonPubs/Shoreditch/SuffolkArms.shtml |
The Suffolk Arms (76 Boston Street) wasn't the only pub
on Boston Street, close to the Saint Augustine Church.
From Kevan's Historic Pub site, again:
39 Boston Street, Hackney Road, Shoreditch
Year/Publican or other Resident/Relationship to Head and or
Occupation/Age/Where Born/Source.
1881/Karper Peggweiler/Grocer & Beer Retailer/48/Switzerland/Census
****
1881/Katharina Peggweiler/Mother in Law, House Keeper,
Widow/59/Germany/Census
1895/Mrs Charlotte Finch/Beer Retailer/../../Post Office Directory ****
1910/Harry Dinsdale/Beer Retailer/../../Post Office Directory ****
39 Crabb Mrs Emma Eliza, beer retailer
London Street Directory 1921
There were many other pubs to choose from in the neighbourhood:
Tile Kiln, 17 Tuilerie Street, Shoreditch
24 York Street, Shoreditch
Duke of Sussex, 94 Goldsmiths Row, Shoreditch
Globe, 128 Goldsmiths Row, Shoreditch
Goldsmiths Arms, 81 Goldsmiths Row, Shoreditch
71 Goldsmiths Row, Shoreditch
153 Goldsmiths Row, Shoreditch
Halfway House, Goldsmith Row, Shoreditch
The Champion, Dunloe Street, Shoreditch
http://gamesforlondon.com/LondonPubIndex/HistoryofPubsinLondon23.shtml
Boston Street - Location
Boston Street ran roughly in the grounds where the Hackney City Farm is now,
joining Hackney Road at Goldsmiths Row, and it ran roughly north-south to
Doves Row.
Boston Street was the north-west side of the join with Hackney Road, with
Goldsmith's Row running off to the east at an 45% angle, at Hackney Road.
Though it no longer joins Hackney Road, Vasuella, wthe pottery techer at
Hackney City Farm, has been told that part of the Boston Street road
still remains as a path behind Hackney City Farm (with other forgotten
streets).
MAP:
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=074-p91aug&cid=30.
An Actual Survey of the Parish of St. Leonard in Shoreditch, Middlesex,
taken in the Year 1745 by Peter Chassereau.
NOTE: The building marked 1 is the Alms House; the 'foot-way' marked will
be the modern Goldsmiths' Row.
http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/crace/a/zoomify88293.html
Richard Horwood's 1792-1799 Plan of London and Westminster shows buildings
at the south-west corner of Boston Street and Hackney Road,(which is
a path or lane the same width as Goldsmith's street, and the
lane carries on in a straight line southwards past
the Hackney Road). The map shows no buildings at
the cross-roads, but Goldsmiths's Place is marked and then
further north, Goldsmith's Alms House. No church is marked in
the neighbourhood.
http://www.oldlondonmaps.com/horwoodpages/horwood06402.html
JOHN CARY'S MAP (1801) doesn't show
Boston Street but it shows the Goldsmith's Alms
House. No Church is marked in the neighbourhood.
http://www.oldlondonmaps.com/cary/cary26.html
JOHN FAIRBURN'S PLAN OF WESTMINSTER AND LONDON (1801)
This map shows the Goldsmith Place and Goldsmith's Alms houses,
and the Mutton and Cat pub at the
top of the lane. There are no buildings or sign of
Boston Street/ No church is recorded in the buighbourhood.
http://www.oldlondonmaps.com/Fairburn/04london.html
GREENWOOD'S MAP (1827) shows a lane which winds around
the large existing buildings.
with no churches at all in the
immediate neighbourhood.
http://users.bathspa.ac.uk/greenwood/map_c8u.html
TEGG'SNEW PLAN OF LONDON 1830
shows buildings in the Boston Street area along the hackney road (but no
church) , a developed Goldsmiths' Alms House, and an unnamed footpath running
down, north-south from the street one block away from the canal [now Whiston
Street(?)] This footpath isn't named; the first named lane to the west
of Goldsmith's row is Great Cambridge Street (with Cambridge Street to the
west, Brunswick S. to the west, and then the main road to Agostone.
http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/crace/t/zoomify87967.html
BIGGS THE RAILWAY BELL AND THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON ADVERTISER MAP OF
LONDON
1846
Stanford's School-Board map 1872 shows a straight 'Boston Street' running
north-south between the Imperial Gas Works and Hackney
Road. Tuilerie Street, which runs parallel to Boston Street, to the west,
is marked clearly, as is a street half as long, parallel to Tuilerie
and Boston, and equal distance between them, called 'Enne (?) Pl. This
street is only one block long, and joiced to Boston street by an unnamed
cross road on the map.
Farther west, York Street and York Street north, are marked. York
street is the modern Yorkton Street, and the road where Saint Augustine's
Church stands.The modern Queensbridge Road is called Great Cambridge
Street on the map; the modern Dunloe Street is called Drudge (?) Street on
the map.
http://www.oldlondonmaps.com/stanfordpages/hackney05c.html
York Street (now modern Yorkton Street) leads into York Street North and
runs parallel to Tuilerie Street and Boston Street and Great Cambridge Street
- now modern Queensbridge Road). York street runs north south, with Hackney
Road as the south boundary.
at this point york Street North ends (T junction)
HERBERT STREET (which also crosses Tuilerie Street and ends at Boston
Street)
CROSS STREET(which ends at Tuilerie Street)
at this point York Street changes its name to york Street North
DREDGE (?) Street (which ends at Tuilerie Street)
HACKNEY STREET
Tuilerie Street, ran parallel to Boston Street, and the first intersecting
cross-street - roughly half the distance between Hackney Road and Dunloe
Road, which ran from (the back of S Augustine Church) is still retained,
unsigned, as a paved path.
Tuilerie Street ran north south, with the south boundary being the
Hackney Road, and the cross streets, were:
T junction at Edith Street, the Windmill Streetends, blocked by the
Imperial Gas Works.
EDITH STREET
(at this crossroads Tuilerie ran into Windmill Street, and continued on to
Edith street)
HERBERT STREET
CROSS STREET
DREDGE(?) STREET
HACKNEY ROAD
The next street to the west was called Ennex (?) Pl
It did not run as far as to cross Dredge (street), ending in open fields
, and its cross road ran halfway , and consisted of one block, starting at
Ennex(?) Pl. and ending at Boston Street
Boston Street ran parallel to Tuilerie Street, again, north-south with the
south boundary ending at Hackney Road.
ending in the South-East entrance to Imperial Gas Works
(no access to Edith Road, whigh ends at the South West entrance. At
the end of Boston Street, Duton Road leading off to the east at a 45% angle,
joined DOVE ROW.
HERBERT STREET
(unnamed CROSS ROAD TO ENNEX(>) PL.
HACKNEY ROAD
Charles Booth's Descriptive Map of Poverty1889
By 1889,
Boston Lane continued at the top, to the east, to join
Dove Row
Herbert Street has changed its name to Holms Street
Cross Street has changed its name to Bask Street
Dredge(?) Street had changed its name to Dunloe Street
Saint Augustine is marked on the map on York Street
the children's Hospital is marked on the east side of
Goldsmiths' Row
Charles Booth records his visit to Boston Street on Tuesday, May 3rd
1898 (pages 44-57)
'poor hard-working people. some windows broken & patched but clean
well-paved better than it used to be ... no trouble to the police
purple rather than the lb. of map'
Booth b352, p45
http://booth.lse.ac.uk/notebooks/b352/jpg/45.html
He also notes the price of beer in a Tuilerie Street off-licence, and measures
York Street (42 feet).
http://booth.lse.ac.uk/notebooks/b352/jpg/47.html
The Saint Leonard window commemorates Saint Bartholomew's Church (which the
panel suggests was in Boston Street, but turned into a glassworks factory).
It is not clear when this happened, or whether the church in the 'Saint Leonard'
window's background (behind the street sign and cricket-playuing little
boys) is meant to be Saint Augustine or Saint Bartholomew's Church.
SALE PARTICULARS-- Sale of the freeholds [? belonging to William Rhodes]
of properties in Hackney and Shareditch D/F/RHO/5/1 21 Sep 1838
York Street ...
Boston Street (including the Union Mills, with steam engine, and a malt house
and cow yard)
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=084-dfrho&cid=41
|
3 Margaret Edith Aldrich Rope (born July
29th 1891 - died March 9th 1988). Amongst friends, M.E.A. Rope was
known as 'Tor' (a family nickname, short for 'tortoise') and used the symbol
of the tortoise to sign some of her works. This 'tortoise' is the way M.E.A.Rope
signed her saint George Panel. More information about the talented Rope family
of artists can be found on a website maintained by Arthur Rope (Tor's nephew
and Marga's cousin).
source www.arthur.rope.clara.net/index.html
4 Listed building details Location: Church of
St Mary Magdalene
Street: Munster Square
Grade: II*
Reference No: 798-1-117092
Date of listing: Jun 10 1954 12:00AM
Details art and architecture in the Church and Crypt and Notes:
"Windows in north aisle of crypt filled by 1975 with delightful stained glass
from St Augustines Haggerston, of 1930-2 by Margaret Rope."
http://mycamden.camden.gov.uk/gdw/T/ListedBuildingDetail?LbNo=1170&xsl=ListedBuildingDetail.xsl
From: 'St. Mary Magdalene, Munster Square', Survey of London: volume 21:
The parish of St Pancras part 3: Tottenham Court Road & neighbourhood
(1949), pp. 140-141.
URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=65198
LXXXIIICHURCH OF ST. MARY MAGDALENE, MUNSTER SQUARE
QUOTE: This is a daughter church of Christ Church, Albany Street, and it
owes its foundation to the Rev. Edward Stuart, who was one of the assistant
clergy at Christ Church .... The architect was Richard Cromwell Carpenter
(18131855), the designer of two Brighton churches, SS. Stephen and
Andrew, and S. Paul ..... The church was consecrated on the 22nd April, 1852.
The north aisle was not built until 1884 and was then carried out by Richard
H. Carpenter, following his father's design .....
The rood-beam and figures, as well as the chapel screens, were designed by
J. T. Micklethwaite, the latter being a memorial to the Rev. W. H. H. Jervois.
The aumbrey in the chapel of the Blessed Sacrament was designed by Paul
Waterhouse who was also responsible for the 191418 war memorial, a
crucifix on the exterior of the west front. The memorial inscription to the
founder is on the lowest step to the altar and a tablet to the second vicar,
the Rev. Frederick J. Ponsonby, designed by Norman Shaw, is on the north
wall, just west of the piscina. The stained glass includes the east window,
designed by A. Welby Pugin, the cartoons for which were drawn by his pupil
and son-in-law, John Powell, while Messrs. Hardman carried out the work,
and the two easternmost windows in the south aisle were made by Messrs. Clayton
and Bell under the direction of Butterfield. (fn. )
St. Mary Magdalene, Munster Square.
A photograph of its Pugin window can be found at:
http://www.saintsilas.org.uk/section/139
"QUOTE: [The present Sacrament windows of Saint Peter's church
are] "...illustrative of the Anglo-Catholic desire to place an incarnational
faith that is universal in a precise and local context. The same message
is communicated in the Seven Sacrament windows by MEA Rope.The Seven Sacrament
windows were designed for the parish Church of S. Augustine Haggerston. Fr
HA Wilson, the Vicar had previously installed a series of 'East End life'
windows by Miss Rope, these are now scattered. The seven sacrament windows
were in sequence in lancet windows in a side aisle. Their position at S.
Peter's is less sympathetic to the detailed work of Miss Rope than was the
original.
The windows are a simple teaching of the catholic theology of the saraments.
They represent Anglo-Catholicism at its zenith in both confidence and popular
appeal."
http://www.stpeterslondondocks.org.uk/section/12
details of the windows by Tor can be found at:
www.arthur.rope.clara.net/downloads/List.doc
and images of windows she designed are at:
http://www.arthur.rope.clara.net/torpix.htm
MUNSTER SQUARE:
Office of Land Revenue Records and Enrolments and predecessors: Associated
Depar...Munster Square: proposed replanning; plans, elevations, sections,
views . Munster Square: proposed replanning; plans, elevations, sections,
views Cumberland Market Estate GREATER LONDON Office of Land Revenue Records
and Enrolments and predecessors: Date: 1944.
Source: The Catalogue of The National Archives The Crown Estate Commissioners
and predecessors: Registered Files on Estates Rem...Munster Square . Munster
Square CENTRAL LONDON Regents Park The Crown Estate Commissioners and
predecessors: Registered Files on Estates Remaining in Crown Possession after
1940 Date range: 1846 - 1851.
SOURCE:
National
Archives
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/
5 Saint Augustine (1931) is the named saint for the
commissioning church, Saint Augustine Church, York Street, Haggerston
6 Saint Anne. (1932) the Mother of the Virgin Mary
details, lower panel; kettle, boiling, teddy bear, cat curled in sleep.
[compare Saint Anne (1927), All Saints,
Whitestable
with the Saint Anne (1932), S Augustine,
Haggerston
(now at the Crypt, Munster Square)
and the Saint Anne (1933), All Saints, Hereford]
7 Saint Leonard, (1933)
UPPER PANEL: number 6 double decker bus passing Saint Leonard, Shoreditch
High Street
LOWER PANEL:
detail of boy with another boy with cricket bat, dog, Suffolk Arms pub
on Boston Street (sign) beside lamp post. A church is in background
(Saint Augustine or Saint Bartholomew? The direction is wrong for Saint
Augustine).
(The photographer 'Zorba the Greek' suggests the 'Leonard' reference may
be to the cricketeer Sir Len Hutton, this seems unlikely as newspaper clippings
and letter from Tor dated November 19th, 1933 - and Len Hutton made his first
class debut in 1934, at the age of 17). Zorba the Greek also notes that the
little dog also appears in the window for Saint Paul and in that window,
he suggests the dog belongs to the parish priest.
Memorial Inscription:
OF YOUR CHARITY PRAY FOR THE SOUL OF FREDERICK
HENRY SNOW, WHO ENTERED INTO REST ON SEPT. 3rd,
1932. For SEVENTY YEARS CHORISTER, SERVER AND
SACRISTAN AT S.BARTHOLOMEW'S AND S.AUGUSTINE'S.
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1155271 copyright Zorba the Greek
(copyright photograph by Arthur Rope)
http://www.arthur.rope.clara.net/torpix.htm
8 Saint Geoge (1934)
details include:
upper panel: Christ, crucified, standing on a green outline of England
middle panel: the virgin George resuces, and her parents on the other side
and a rather magnificent dragon, dead
lower panel, left hand side, signed with a tortoise.
(copyright photograph by Arthur Rope)
http://www.arthur.rope.clara.net/torpix.htm
9 Saint Joseph (?date)
charming details
middle panel: sheep herded into a wicker holding pen by the good
shepherd
lower panel: Joseph, Mary, Christchild and donkeys journey to escape Herod
10 Saint Michael (?1947 - approximate date
by Arthur Rope)
11 Saint Margaret
(date unknown) Margaret Edith Rope's namesake.
(now at Saint Savior Priory, Queensbridge Road, Haggerston)
12 Saint Paul (date unknown)
(now at Saint Savior Priory, Queensbridge Road, Haggerston)
Clearly has the sign 'York Street' and what looks like the same little dog
from the Saint Leonard panel (in front of two children, seen from the back,
with a sign above the dog that says 'Nipper'). An advertising sign for 'Pears
Soap' is on one of the buildings, and Saint Augustine Church can be
seen further up the road.
13 Saint Saviour Priory is still
on Queensbridge Road, the back of the building faces York Street (now Yorkton
Street).
14 Crowning of the Blessed
Virgin Mary (date unknown)
15 Mary, Mother of Christ
(date unknown)
unusual detail of dice, lance and sponge from crucifixon
Memorial Inscription:
HIS FRIENDS IN EAST LONDON GAVE THIS WINDOW
IN THANKFULNESS FOR EDWARD STAREY BURROWS
PRIEST, WHO SERVED GOD IN HAGGERSTON FOR 47YEARS
AND DIED IN EAST LONDON ON MARCH 12th, 1933.
the photgrapher Zorba the Greek suggests the little dog 9which is also seen
in the Saint Leonard window, belonged to the parish priest of the time (which
would have been Father Herbert Arthur Wilson)
http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1155294copyright: Zorba the Greek
16 THE CHURCH OF SAINT AUGUSTINE, HAGGERSTON: YORK
(now Yorkton) STREET, HACKNEY
Booth's
1889 Map of Poverty (LSE)
bounded by York Street and Tuilerie Street, off the Hackney Road.
Note - The parish was united with St Stephen, Goldsmith's Now, Haggerston,
Shoreditch in 1953. St Augustine's became the parish church of the united
benefice.
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=074-p91aug&cid=0#0
SURROUNDING AREA:
In the short thoroughfare connecting the London Fields with Goldsmiths' Row
there is a shop which in bygone times was almost as much noted for its "Hackney
Buns" as the well-known Bun-house at Chelsea was for that particular kind
of pastry about which we have already spoken. (fn. 3)
Goldsmiths' Row extends from the canal bridge, near the south-west corner
of London Fields, to the Hackney Road. The thoroughfare is very narrow, and
in parts consists of very inferior shops and tenements. On the west side,
about half way down, stand a row of almshouses belonging to the Goldsmiths'
Company. They were founded in 1703, by a Mr. Morrell, for six poor almsmen
belonging to the above-mentioned company, each of whom has a pension of £21
per annum. On the opposite side, near the corner of the Hackney Road, are
some new buildings in connection with the North-Eastern Hospital for Sick
Children, which was founded in 1867, in the Hackney Road. The new buildings
were inaugurated a few years ago by the Princess Louise. The institution
was established, as its name implies, for the purpose of affording medical
relief to sick children; and about 10,000 patients are annually relieved
here. Patients are admitted free, on the production of a subscriber's ticket;
otherwise a small fee is paid by out-patients and in-patients.
From: 'The northern suburbs: Haggerston and Hackney', Old and New London:
Volume 5 (1878), pp. 505-524. URL:
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45254&strquery=Yorkton
NOTE: The 'North-Eastern Hospital for Sick Children' is now the Queen Elizabeth
Hospital for Children
St. Augustine, York
Street (nowYorkton Street)
Baptisms 1863-1970, Marriages 1867-1968 : LMA
http://www.eolfhs.org.uk/parish/shoreditch.htm
NATIONAL ARCHIVES:
SAINT AUGUSTINE, HAGGERSTON: YORKTON STREET, HACKNEY
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=074-p91aug&cid=30
Saint Augustine, Haggerston
COVERING DATES OF REGISTERS DEPOSITED
October 1863 - December 1970 Baptisms
July 1867 - June 1968 Marriages
Later registers, to date, are in the care of the incumbent of St. Mary with
St. Chad, Haggerston.
OF INTEREST:
files include Parish Magazines
and obituary of Father Herbert Arthur Wilson.
Extent 115 files
P91/AUG Covering dates 1864 - 1974
Held by London Metropolitan Archives
40 Northampton Road
London
EC1R 0HB
England
Contents: Registers & other administrative records:
(http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/lma)
St Anne, Hoxton
D/E 212 ANN Parish magazines and details of induction service, 1982 1976;
1980-82
St Augustine's, Haggerston D/E 212 AUG D/E 212 MAR 3
Parish magazines 1887-1915, 1926-40, 1942-53 (gaps) and with St Stephen
1954,1956; photographs of premises, people and events 1870-1950
Parish magazines 1887-1915 (gaps); 1943-56 (gaps) D/E 212 MAR 1-2
http://www.hackney.gov.uk/c-archives-comprehensive-page8.htm
Outline Map of Parishes of Shoreditch, Middlesex in 1903
compiled by John Henley
(although Saint Augustine in 'York' Street is noted, no mention is made of
the Saint Bartholomew in Boston street, M.E.A. Rope commemorates in her 'Saint
Leonard' panel which includes the detail of Boston Street 9Suffolk Arms Pub,
street sign, lampost).
http://homepages.gold.ac.uk/genuki/MDX/Shoreditch/outline.htm
Anglican
ritualism in Victorian Britain, 1830-1910 By Nigel
Yates
Saint Augustine, Haggerston
New Church (1863)
Vestments, unspecified
Gregorian chant
Daily communion |
P 6,700
A.Ttrustees
I. R.C.Kirkpatrick 1870 (admitted to SSC 1869)
|
HACKNEY WALKS(website, no date,)
St Augustine's Church.
QUOTE:"This is the only London church by the quiet, modest and pious
architect, Henry Woodyer who lived as a country gentleman in Surrey. St.
Augustines was designed for advanced ritual writes Basil Clarke
in his Parish Churches of London. The church built in 1867 became,
in the 1960s, the parish church of the Hells Angels bikers.
I wonder if the modest Woodyer would have approved. It is now a restaurant
and gallery called simply 291. "
http://hoop.ground-level.org/stories/storyReader$189
17The Children's newspaper March 28, 1942
page 3
The
New Church Windows
Q N E of the most brutish things
Hitler has done is to shatter
the glass in hundreds of
churches. .
All of us long for the day when
the war is over and the menace
of bombing and the fear of
invasion are forgotten; but when,
that day comes what kind of new
windows shall we see then, we
wonder.
A hint comes from East London,
for St Augustine's church at
Haggerston.now has a window
with a portrait of an air raid
warden. It is a notable piece of.
pioneering. We see a little girl
who has groped her way in the
blackout to the vicar's door. She
stands on tiptoe to ring the bell.
Her gas-mask is slung over her |
shoulder, and close by stands the
warden whose torch helps the
child to find the bell. The warden
is shown wearing his helmet and
gas-mask. To the right of the
group is a wall of sandbags, a cat
crouching in the shadows.
This is a beginning. Our
churches have long preserved
windows showing the life and
thought of men and women in
past centuries; and it seems
proper that whatever new glass
finds its way into our churches
now should in some measure poiv
tray something,of the agony and
splendour, the suffering and
gallantry, of these momentous
years. It should certainly have
the saints of old, but should not
omit the heroes |
http://www.lookandlearn.com/childrens-newspaper/CN420328-003.pdf.
18 Death Over Haggerston: An Account
of Adventures That Befall Some East Londoners Between the Summers of 1940
and 1941 by H. A. (Herbert Arthur) Wilson and Clare Dawson A. R. Mowbray,
1941 (Paperback - 1 Jan 1941)
Father Herbert Arthur Wilson of Saint Augustine's encouraged M.E.A. Rope
to create the East End Life 'Haggerston; windows for his Church at Saint
Augustine, Haggerston. He was also an author of religious books for children,
including the Haggerston Catechism for children and he was also famous for
the Night Litany for London. He also wrote an account of Londoners
during the Blitz, published in 1941 with (or illustrated by) Clare
Dawson - presumably the Clare Dawson who became Tor's assistant after the
War).
Haggerston Catechism , by H.A. Wilson, 1944
Haggerston Roundabout by H. A. Wilson
Publisher: London: A. R. Mowbray, 1948.
Pb,127pp. Charming book by Father Wilson of St Augustine's. One of series
of religious and social observations from the parish.
Haggerston christian religion religious writing Christianity Father H A
Wilson
A LIFE SIMPLY OFFERED
A Life of Fr. H.A. Wilson of Haggerston
by THE REVEREND TREVOR JONES. S.S.C
of St. Peters, London Docks
2nd edition revised by Michael Yelton
64 Pages with Black and White illustrations
QUOTE: "This is a very appealing biography of a noted Anglo-Catholic priest
of the East End of London, Fr. H.A. Wilson of St. Augustines, Haggerston,
who died in 1954. He was noted for his many publications, including the famous
Haggerston Catechism and his descriptions of life in an East End parish.
He was also earlier very instrumental in setting up the first Anglo-Catholic
Congress of 1920 and the subsequent 1923 Congress when Bishop Frank Weston
made his great appeal to the social conscience of Catholics. The description
of his happy childhood and his up bringing at St. Michaels, Croydon
is a glowing evocation of what a truly dedicated Catholic Anglican household
can be.
This is the second publication by the Anglo-Catholic History Society of which
the author is a member."
http://www.churchtours.org.uk/section/12
BOOKS ILLUSTRATED BY CLARE DAWSON 19
Donkey's Glory by Nan Goodall. Clare Dawson (illustrator). (A.R.
Mowbray 1944)
First Edition. 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾" tall. 96
pp.,b/w.illus., papered boards with donkeys on the cover, presentation
plate attached to the fep.,dated 1944, pic.back ep., Weighs 180 gm.
Hard Pictorial card covers with red cloth spine. White back and border. Map
inside back cover. A religious story for children about the birth of Jesus.
The animals have Arabic names and a translation of these is given. B/w
illustrations.
Cat's Company by Sir Compton MacKenzie, illustrations by Clare Dawson
(London: Michael Joseph, 1946) 222 p.
Loving and Giving by Clare Dawson
Hardcover
Publisher: National Society, /Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge
.Westminster 1947
QUOTE:"Children's book that describes the basic beliefs of the Catholic Church.
Black background hard boards with white illust of angels and children adorned
with orange streamers - Dk orange/red cloth spine. 48pp with glossary to
rear .colour illust throughout.
1947 Dust Jacket Book was printed
in Holland. Cover beautifully illustrated with children, flowers and ribbons-red
and white. Dust jacket is llustrated, portraying baby Jesus and Mother Mary,
surrounded by children. "
The Childhood of Jesus (Medici books for children) illustrated and
written by M. and C. Dawson (Muriel Dawson (1907-1974) and Clare Dawson
)(Paperback - Medici Society, 1962)
ISBN: B0000CLKRS Unpaginated soft cover. Stapled at hinge.
Tiggy, by Miss Read (Dora Saint), illustrated by Clare Dawson
. Publisher Michael Joseph, 1971, 61p, ill, 23cm B/w illustrations.
SIGNED by "Miss Read" (Dora Saint) on white label.
(ADDENDUM, 2009)
PROJECT 2010: Art for All
Artist Tatiana Schenk will be photographing our M.E.A. Rope windows and also
photographing the Haggerston sites depicted in the window, to celebrate
International Womens' Day 2011.
We hope to make the photographs and poems,available on our website.
Tatiana's first visit to The Crypt: May 6th
2009.
PURPLE POETS' COMMEMORATION
projected day: March 9th 2010
To celebrate International Womens' Day 2010 and the artist Margaret Edith
Aldrich Rope (who died March 9th 1988) we would like to place a plaque at
the former Boston Street site (now Hackney City Farm) celebrating her 'Saint
Leonard' Haggerston stained glass window panel depicting BOSTON STREET and
the SUFFOLK ARMS
PUB.
"Art and The Crypt"
The Stained Glass Panels in the Crypt
St. Mary Magdalene Church
Munster Square
- a short historical talk
by Duncan McGibbon
to celebrate National Poetry Day
at the Purple Poets' Writers' Reader's Party
The Crypt, October, 2007
The stained glass windows in the North crypt are a unique
series of contemporary scenes designed by M.E. Aldrich Rope in 1932. They
are extraordinary in the way they juxtapose New Testament and modern scenes.
M.E. Aldrich Rope was born an Anglican but converted to Catholicism as a
consequence of visiting Lourdes. She is pre-eminently the greatest of women
stained -glass designers.
Her designs for Joseph & child Jesus, and the Flight to Egypt Group (
signed) have a rugged insight into children .
Her design for "Augustine converts King & Queen" reflects her own conversion.
Her luminous St. Michael, shows a practical leader, very 1930s. Her depiction
of a double decker bus had never been repeated. No other glass I know
shows boys playing cricket. Her St George again is a human hero and the Communion
service is a simple tribute to the strength of local community devotion.
I find her stained glass of a Mother and two children praying. much more
moving than dessicated Epsteins and Gills. I couldn't see the series on Our
Lady, but I know they would have meant a lot to her.
She also had a very talented cousin.
She signed herself with a tortoise."Tor"

Duncan McGibbon's poem 'Stations of the Cross' was set to music by the Australian
composer, Jospeh Estorninho and first performed in 2000. |
NOTE: The Saint Augustine panel (1931) probably
pre-dates Tor's conversion to Catholicism, and in a personal letter dated
November 19th 1933, she writes that she corrected the journalist when he
suggested no one had ever used a bus in a stained glass window before.
'I was soon rung up again. Is that Putney 3941?
Can I speak to Miss Rope etc... It is the Press Association speaking. I have
just been down to St Augustine's Haggerston in connection with that remarkable
series etc. etc. Now can you tell me if it is usual to put a public house
or a bus etc. in a stained glass window: isn't it rather unusual? I told
him I knew another window, not mine, in which there was a bus. (Marga put
one in once). '
http://www.arthur.rope.clara.net/oldsurprise3.htm
Shrewsbury Cathedral
Cathedral House
11 Belmont, Shrewsbury
SY1 1TE
QUOTE: So what's special about Shrewsbury Cathedral? Roger
[Hall] says it's the windows. They each have a story to tell, and some need
a bit of detective work! One depicts a wine goblet and a dragon. It turns
out that this is a traditional representation of the story of St John the
Evangelist and the legend of the poisoned cup.
Several windows were designed by Margaret Rope at the beginning of the 20th
Century. She was born in Shrewsbury and worked in the Arts and Crafts style.
One window features her brother while another, if you look carefully, has
a 1920s London bus.
SOURCE:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/content/articles/2006/09/29/shrewsbury_cathedral_anniversary_feature.shtml
WANT TO KNOW MORE ABOUT THE WORK
AND TALENTED MEMBERS OF THE ROPE FAMILY?
More information can be found on the excellent website maintained by Tor's
nephew, (and Marga's cousin) Arthur Rope. His website also contains the most
comprehensive listing to works and photographs of windows, and art,
by the Rope family, including the window panels now in the Crypt, Munster
Square
source
http://www.arthur.rope.clara.net/index.html
UPDATED BIOGRAPHY OF M.E.A. ROPE:
Margaret Edith Rope, nicknamed'Tor' (29 July 1891 - March 9, 1988)
source http://www.arthur.rope.clara.net/torbio.htm
OBITUARY OF M.E.A. ROPE
The British society of Master Glass Painters
The Journal of Stained Glass 1988
VOL XVIII NO 3 ISBN 0 9510334 2 5 (1988)
Margaret Edith Aldrich Rope (1891-1988)
http://www.bsmgp.org.uk/Publications/VOL%20XVIII%20NO%203%20%20(1988).htm
also from THE JOURNAL OF STAINED GLASS
INDEX VOLUME XIV
Rope, M. E. Aldrich XIV: 175
M E A Rope
Margaret Edith Aldrich Rope (1891-1988) came of an artistic family and studied
glassmaking with Alfred Drury at the Glass House, where she had a studio
and was influenced by W Geddes. She assisted her cousin, Margaret Agnes Rope,
who designed stained glass and became a Carmelite nun, and was one of the
glassmakers in Putney, influenced by C Whall her flat there belonged
to C Townsend and J Howson. In later life she was helped by her former pupil,
C Dawson.
Glass: Bolney
http://www.sussexparishchurches.org/content/view/325/40
COUSIN:Margaret Agnes Rope (Marga)
(stained glass artist, panels now in Highgate, Chelsea, etc.).The elder Margaret
Rope, Margaret Agnes Rope, was the second child of Henry John Rope, M.D (himself
George and Anne's 3rd child: 1847-1899) and Agnes Maud (née Burd:
1857- 1948). "Marga", as she was known in the family, was born on 20th June
1882 and christened Margaret Agnes at St Mary's Church Shrewsbury on 7th
July. She died in December 1953.
source http://www.arthur.rope.clara.net/margabio.htm
AUNT: Ellen Mary Rope (1855- 1934)
(sculptor, work in situ in Chenies Street Chambers)
Ellen Mary Rope was born in 1855, the 7th of nine children born to George
and Ann Rope of Grove Farm, Blaxhall, Suffolk. While her eldest brother,
George Thomas Rope, was a painter and naturalist, "Nell" (as the family knew
her) specialised in sculpture, particularly bas reliefs in a variety of
materials. She worked in London for much of her artistic career, often sharing
a studio with her niece Dorothy Anne Aldrich Rope, also a sculptor, and near
another niece, Margaret Edith Rope ['Tor' who executed Nell's only known
glass design]. At some time in the nineteen-twenties, she retired to the
family farm in Suffolk, where she died in 1934.
http://www.arthur.rope.clara.net/EMR.htm
A PARTIAL LIST OF WORK BY M.E.A. ROPE
COMPILED BY KIM MORRISSEY
Sources are cited in the entry.
Where no other source is cited, the source is Arthur Rope.
http://www.arthur.rope.clara.net/torworks.htm
LONDON CHURCHES FEATURING MEA ROPE'S WORK:
CHURCH AND LOCATION: THE CRYPT
Saint Mary Magdalene Church, Munster Square.
Victorian Church
The Crypt, where the Third Age Project, West Euston Time
Bank
and Purple Poets meet, have 6 of the 8 Saints from M.E.A. Rope's
'Haggerston' series of stained glass windows.
'East End Life' Saints on display:
St Leonard(1933)
St George (1934)
St Augustine (1931)
St Anne (1932)
St Joseph
St Michael (?1947)
(and also there are two stained glass panels, on display, unsigned)
Mary, Mother of Christ
Mary, Mother of Christ
(the missing two saints from this series of 'East End Life' saints,
Saint Margaret and Saint Paul,
are at Saint Saviour Priory, Queensbridge Road,
Haggerston.
According to the Saint Peter's Church (Docklands) website,
the Seven Sacraments windows in Saint Peter's 'were designed
for the parish Church of S. Augustine Haggerston.
Fr HA Wilson. The Vicar had previously installed
a series of 'East End life' windows by Miss Rope,
these are now scattered.' These windows at The Crypt
are presumably part of that series.
[compare Saint Anne (1927), All Saints,
Whitestable
with the Saint Anne (1932), S Augustine,
Haggerston
(now at the Crypt, Munster Square)
and the Saint Anne (1933), All Saints, Hereford]
S. Mary Magdalene, Munster Square, London NW1
source http://www.willesdengreenparish.org.uk/section/6" |
St Saviour's Priory,
Haggerston
Two panels (of a series of eight, designed for Fr. Herbert Arthur Wilson
at Saint Augustine, Haggerston, Yorkton Street.
Saint Margaret
Saint Paul
The other six panels of saints are at the Crypt, Saint Mary Magdalene, Munster
Square.
St. Savior's Priory is up the streetfrom the St. Augustine, Haggerston church.
St. augustine Church is in Yorkton Street, St. Savior's Priory address
is Queensbridge Road, but the building is also bordered by Dunloe Street
and Yorkton Street, on the edge of what is now Hackney City Farm and Haggerston
Park (the grounds of the former Imperial gas works).
QUOTE: "The best time to phone or call is Tuesday - Saturday inclusive, 9am
- 5pm
Outside that time the house may be closed and the answerphone on, but we
will return your call as soon as possible.
18 Queensbridge Road
London
E2 8NS
http://www.stsaviourspriory.org.uk/
details from panels 'Saint Margaret' and 'Saint Paul' found at
http://www.arthur.rope.clara.net/torpix.htm
|
All Saints, Hereford
St Anthony the Hermit (1947)
Christmas theme with children (1944)
5 light east window and details from lady chapel:
Annunciation,
expulsion from Eden,
St Anne (1933)
[compare Saint Anne (1927), All Saints,
Whitestable
with the Saint Anne (1932), S Augustine,
Haggerston
(now at the Crypt, Munster Square)
and the Saint Anne (1933), All Saints,
Hereford]
(all photos copyright © Arthur Rope, unless otherwise stated)
http://www.arthur.rope.clara.net/torpix.htm
photograph of Tor working on cartoon in situ at All Saints
and her own account (personal letter to family ) of her press encounter regarding
the Saint Leonard panel's number six double-decker bus
(resulting in the published photograph)
http://www.arthur.rope.clara.net/oldsurprise3.htm
|
Trinity, Leytonstone
The Story of the Stained Glass
QUOTE:There are four panes of stained glass in the Lady Chapel.
The Glass was moved from the old St Augustine's church but the story deepens.
It is said that the glass originally came from St Augustine's Church in
Haggerston. This church was united with St Stephens Haggerston in 1952 and
the parish abolished in 1980. Quite why or when the glass went to St Augustine's
Leytonstone is unknown.
We would like to confirm the story and discover the story of this stained
glass. If you know anything about the churches in Haggerston and can tell
us a little more about the situation regarding is merger and subsequent closure,
please email us and let us know.
http://www.trinityleytonstone.org/archive/mystery.htm |
A MORE COMPLETE WORKING LIST
OF WINDOWS BY M.E.A. ROPE CAN BE FOUND AT
THE WEBSITE OF HER NEPHEW ARTHUR ROPE:
http://www.arthur.rope.clara.net/torworks.htm
PROJECT 2010: Art for All
Tatiana Schenk will be photographing our M.E.A. Rope windows
and Haggerston sites depicted in the windows.
We hope to make the photographs available on our website.
First visit: May 6th 2009
For Press and Promotional packs
and details concerning the Norah Platt Prize,
(or to be added to the e-mail mailing list)
please contact Tony
Bloor.

The London Time Bank is supported by The Community Fund,
Association of London Government, the King's Fund
and Bridge House Estates Trust

The 2007 London Time Bank National Poetry Day
Celebration was sponsored by
West Euston Time Bank and Kim Morrissey
The West Euston Time Bank Poetry Workshop
was funded in 2004 - 2006 by


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